I’m trying to confirm the following:
In the case of site search and the items returned for documents are shown as:
file type icon and file name √
the search term in bold if is a default managed property√
the search term in bold if a column is a site column√
the search term in bold if a column is managed metadata mapped to the search schema?
(this statement/question has only to do with documents, not other targets such as web pages etc)
There are different display templates for all types of results. You have display templates for word documents, web pages, links, images, etc.. etc…
The bold text is whatever the SharePoint Search Index finds relevant to your search. The summary of the item could in fact from from the body of the document or elsewhere. It is important to note that these display templates can change if you want to include other parts of an item in your search results. You are not limited to the default.